粘性Cahn-Hilliard方程的高精度线性化差分方法

讨论粘性Cahn-Hilliard方程的高精度线性化差分方法.利用降阶法对粘性Cahn-Hilliard方程建立三层线性化紧差分格式.用离散能量分析法证明差分格式的唯一可解性及在L_∞-范数下的收敛性,其收敛阶为时间方向二阶、空间方向四阶.最后,通过数值算例验证了差分格式的理论结果.     

Genetic diversity of the pine pathogen Lecanosticta acicola in Slovenia and Croatia

Brown spot needle blight (BSNB), a disease of pine trees caused by the fungus Lecanosticta acicola, has been known in Slovenia since 2008 and in Croatia since 1975. Recent outbreaks in Slovenia prompted this study to compare L. acicola populations in these two neighbouring European countries. Sixty-nine isolates collected from three pine species (Pinus mugo, P. halepensis and P. nigra) were used to determine the phylogenetic relationships, genetic structure, and reproductive strategy of the pathogen. EF1-α sequences showed that Slovenian and Croatian isolates share a common ancestry with individuals from central and northern Europe. Population structure analysis revealed four distinct population clusters of L. acicola in these two countries, generally corresponding to their respective geographic location and host. An unequal ratio of mating types and a low overall genetic diversity in the population indicated a strong influence of asexual reproduction. Although some of the oldest recorded European occurrences of BSNB are from Croatia, this study provided no evidence that the population studied in Croatia was the source of the sampled outbreaks in Slovenia. Recent outbreaks of L. acicola in Slovenia are most likely due to introductions from other, yet to be identified, sources.     

华南花岗岩侵蚀区不同植被类型坡面土壤有机碳分布和团聚体稳定性

植物是影响土壤有机碳含量和土壤团聚体稳定性的重要因素。选取华南典型花岗岩侵蚀区荒草地、桉树林、湿地松林和木荷林4种植被类型径流小区的土壤为研究对象,分析测定不同坡位、不同土层深度的土壤有机碳特性和团聚体稳定性等指标,评价不同植被类型对土壤养分的分布特性以及团聚体稳定性差异,明确花岗岩侵蚀退化区较为理想的生态恢复措施,旨在为合理利用土壤、重建坡面植被和改善土壤结构提供科学依据。结果表明:土壤总有机碳(TOC)、全氮(TN)和溶解性有机碳(DOC)含量随土层加深逐渐降低,而林地小区土壤碳氮比(C/N)则相反,荒草地碳氮元素的坡面变异系数(CV)显著高于其他3种林地,其中桉树林地TOC、TN、DOC和C/N的坡面分布的变异系数较荒草地分别降低40%,56.18%,68.5%和25.81%;湿地松林地TOC、TN、DOC和C/N的坡面分布的变异系数较荒草地分别降低62.73%,33.71%,46.46%,58.06%;木荷林地TOC、TN、DOC和C/N的坡面分布的变异系数较荒草地分别降低41.82%,38.2%,51.18%,48.39%,表明林地较荒草地更有利于土壤碳氮在坡面的均质化和有机质的积累。荒草地和木荷林地0.25 mm粒径以上的团聚体在上、中坡位的质量分数显著高于其他植被类型,而林下植被生物量较高的木荷林地的平均质量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)显著高于其他植被类型。其中木荷小区水稳性团聚体平均质量直径(MWD)较荒草地、桉树和湿地松分别高20.10%,19.58%,23.20%;几何平均直径(GMD)较荒草地、桉树和湿地松分别高20.00%,19.54%,22.23%,表明在花岗岩侵蚀区林地空间结构较好的林草模式有利于土壤有机碳的积累和土壤结构的稳定。     

华南型黄瓜新品种‘燕青’

‘燕青’黄瓜是以雌性系86G为母本，自交系Z-1为父本配制而成的华南型新品种。植株长势较强，强雌型。瓜圆筒形，长20 cm，平均单瓜质量186 g，瓜色白绿色，脆嫩微甜。早熟性突出，耐阴，耐寒，丰产性强，平均总产量达70.74 t • hm-2。适宜重庆及相似生态区春保护地、露地栽培。     

Growth pattern of Juncus effusus and Juncus conglomeratus in response to cutting frequency

Increasing abundance of Juncus effusus (soft rush) and Juncus conglomeratus (compact rush) in pastures and meadows in western Norway has caused reductions in forage yield and quality in recent decades. Understanding plant development and regrowth following cutting is essential in devising cost‐effective means to control rushes. In a field experiment in western Norway, we investigated development of above‐ and below‐ground fractions of rush from seedlings to three‐year‐old plants, including the impact on vigour of disturbing growth by different cutting frequencies during the period 2009–2012. Each year, the plants were exposed to one or two annual cuts or left untreated and five destructive samplings were performed from March to early December. Juncus effusus showed significantly more vigorous growth than Juncus conglomeratus in the last two years of the study period. The above‐ground:below‐ground biomass ratio of both species increased mainly in spring and early summer and was reduced in late summer and autumn. Removal of aerial shoots also reduced the below‐ground fraction of both species. One annual cut in July effectively reduced biomass production in both species by 30–82%, which was only a slightly smaller reduction than with two annual cuts, in June and August. Mechanical control measures such as cutting can thus effectively reduce rush vigour when performed late in the growing season.     

华南型黄瓜新品种‘力丰’

‘力丰’黄瓜是以耐热自交系‘冠农–863’为母本,抗病自交系‘揭阳乌皮青–311’为父本配制而成的杂交一代华南型新品种。植株生长势强,早熟性及丰产性好。瓜圆筒形,瓜长25 cm,单瓜质量400 g左右,品质良,风味佳,耐贮运。耐热,抗枯萎病,一般产量60.0 t·hm~(-2),适合华南地区春秋季及东南亚地区种植。     

以投资为目的的森林资源资产评估问题探讨

随着以投资为目的的森林资源资产评估业务日益增多,许多相关的理论问题亟需解决。通过对该目的下的价值类型、评估方法、评估参数等问题研究发现:价值类型的选择主要取决于委托者的利益诉求,同时要考虑现实市场条件的限制,具体可选类型包括市场价值类型与投资价值类型;评估方法的选择要与评估目的、价值类型相适应。当选择市场价值类型时,市场比较法应该是评估首选。当选择投资价值类型时,如果委托方是财务投资者,收益现值法是评估首选,如果委托方是战略投资者,公式P=Va+S×K应是评估首选;评估参数的选择,要与评估方法相一致,市场法的关键参数是可比的参照对象,收益现值法应用的关键参数是投资收益率,公式P=Va+S×K应用的关键参数是收益分成率K。以投资为目的的森林资源资产评估中,还要考虑森林采伐限额及其他相关政策的影响。     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Complete Genome of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 from Liaoning Province

It was aimed to lay a foundation for epidemiological survey of porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2) in Liaoning province and selection of highly homologous strain inactivated vaccine.Some pigs suspected of having postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) from Shenyang,Chaoyang,Tieling,Dalian and other places in Liaoning province,were detected by PCR method,then the whole genome of 10 positive samples were cloned and sequenced.The result showed that all of them were virulent strains,9 strains were 1767 bp and 1 strain was 1768 bp,and there was a T base additon at 1039 bp.The nucleotide homology was 95.1% to 98.5% with HM038034 and JQ692110.In the phylogenetic tree,JHZ2 was PCV2a type,the other 9 strains were PCV2b type,DLS38,LYD32 and SYX7 were in the same branch and same onset time.The amino acid homology of ORF2 was 89.6% to 100.0%,there were 35 mutation points,large degree of variation,the only glycosylation site (NYS) was conserved.10 strains did not change significantly,mutants were not due to PCVD,PCV2b was the predominant type,and PCV2 was related with seasonality.     

国内气力式玉米精量排种器研究进展

近年来，我国机械化技术水平不断提高，精量播种正逐步取代传统的粗放式播种，从而降低了种植成本，同时提高了生产效率和利润。目前，我国玉米单产水平存在较大提升空间，提升玉米机械播种水平是提高玉米播种质量和增加产量的有效方式。本文对气力式玉米精量排种器的研究现状进行了综述，包括气吸式、气吹式和气压式3种类型，分别总结了其结构、工作原理和工作参数、性能、优势等，评述了试验效果；针对玉米精量排种器目前存在的问题进行了分析，并提出了未来的发展趋势，以期为促进玉米机械化生产提供参考。     

近15年我国土地利用分区研究进展

通过查阅21世纪以来的大量文献和对比分析,总结了国内土地利用分区的研究动态。结果表明院国内土地利用分区类型呈多元化,以省、市、县级为尺度和采用聚类分析法、GIS技术的研究较多,基于个案研究提出了新的理论、方法模型等,有效地对土地利用分区进行了探索,但也存在问题和不足;并指出其发展趋势是分区理论深入化、分区制度完善化、分区方法集成化及信息化。